Suchergebnisse

• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 23: Computer Associates International (2004)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 149 Case 23: Computer Associates International (2004) Computer Associates International, Inc. may not be… …on a shenanigan called the “Extended Quarters Practice”. In September 2004, the SEC filed securities fraud charges against Computer Associates, Kumar… …, Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 150 when the company reported USD 557 million in revenues beyond the USD 1.047 billion it could properly claim. Thus… …unexpired portion of the old license. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 151 For contracts under its pre-2000 business model, Computer Associates… …. Thus, the USD 3.7 million essen- tially amounted to hush money. In April 2006, Kumar pleaded guilty to accounting fraud charges. Along with Stephen… …sentenced to 12 years in prison for orchestrating the accounting fraud at Computer Associates; he was also fined USD 8 million. Judge Leo Glasser repeatedly… …other things, donations to tsunami relief in Sri Lanka; girls’ education programs in Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 152 Kenya; emergency… …225 million to a restitution fund in order to compensate victims of the fraud. It also agreed to take various steps to strengthen its corporate… …monitoring for at least 18 months. In 2006, as part of an attempt to improve its image in the wake of the fraud charges, Computer Associates changed its… …involved in day-to- day matters. But Wang blamed his hand-picked successor Sanjay Kumar and other company executives for the fraud. Wang, the owner of the…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 18: Qwest Communications International (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 122 Case 18: Qwest Communications International (2002) Denver, Colorado-based Qwest Communications… …revenue im- mediately rather than rateably. The fraud surfaced in the summer of 2002, after several critics had publicly ques- tioned why Qwest was… …billionaire investor Philip F. Anschutz (the company’s founder) resigned as chairman of the board. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 123 The… …. “Accounting rules, policies or controls that in- terfered with meeting revenue targets were stretched or ignored outright, creating an environment for fraud… …. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 124 Eventually, Qwest understated USD 231 million in expenses from 1999 to 2002, relating to employee vacations… …former CEO Joseph Nacchio and six other execu- tives with engineering a “massive financial fraud” at the telecommunications com- pany. “This was definitely… …of fear” and enormous pressure on employees to meet those targets. Former CFO Robin Szeliga (who was described as the “overseer of the fraud… …cluded a suspension from appearing or practicing before the SEC as an accountant. Ex-CEO Joseph Nacchio attacked the SEC’s fraud case against him as “a… …collection of unsupported allegations”. In April 2007, however, while still facing the SEC lawsuit that accused him of accounting fraud, Nacchio was… …generated by sell- Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 125 ing services on Qwest’s network was not increasing as Nacchio had projected. Also, other…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 24: AIG (2005)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 155 Case 24: AIG (2005) In his 38 years as CEO of American International Group, Inc. (AIG), Maurice… …AIG were three primary areas of fraud (see SEC 2009): – Sham reinsurance transactions with General Re Corp. (“Gen Re”), in order to make it appear… …boosted AIG’s net investment income and allowed it to improperly recognize capital gains Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 156 The “Gen… …. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 157 The transactions to misstate net investment income and capital gains Another set of transactions was designed… …General Eliot Spitzer. “And yet, top management routinely and persistently resorted to deception and fraud in an apparent effort to improve the company’s… …over securities fraud and improper accounting by paying USD 800 million in fines and disgorgement. Settlement of these issues with New York State… …authorities as well as the Department of Justice resulted in payment of another USD 800 million. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 158 Eventually… …, in August 2009, the SEC announced an agreement with Greenberg to settle the accusations that he oversaw the accounting fraud at AIG. The SEC com-… …Greenberg was liable as a “control person” during the fraud, but it had not accused him of fraud directly. Under the settlement, 84 year-old Greenberg… …defiant statement saying that he had “no responsibility” for the fraud at AIG and that the vast majority of the re- statement was “unnecessary”. But he…

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  Case 42: Nikko Cordial (Japan, 2007)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 244 Case 42: Nikko Cordial (Japan, 2007) In late 2006, the Nikko Cordial Corporation was Japan’s… …panel looking into the fraud later found out that Nikko Cordial principal president Hirofumi Hirano was the key figure in the scam, and that he also… …. I would like to offer my heartfelt apologies,” said president Junichi Ari- Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 245 mura, knowing that a show… …of just USD 4.2 million – a pittance by U.S. standards. And, although in monetary terms, the fraud was some eight times greater than, for… …example, the Livedoor fraud, no one at Nikko faced jail time. The coincidental timing of these two frauds led many observers to contrast the harsh… …Nikko in Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 246 April 2007. Critics believed that Citigroup, which had been keen to break into the Japanese… …New York Times, December 26, 2006 Panel: Nikko Cordial execs aided fraud, The Japan Times, January 31, 2007 Nikko Cordial revises… …over accounting fraud, The Japan Times, February 28, 2007 Nikko Cordial escapes delisting over scandal, Times Online, March 13, 2007 After Horie’s fall…

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  Case 35: Parmalat (Italy, 2003)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 206 Case 35: Parmalat (Italy, 2003) Parmalat, one of Italy’s most significant commercial entities and… …and EBIT of about EUR 600 million, Parmalat had Accounting Fraud in European Companies 207 become a global rival to Nestlé, Danone and… …account linked to the Cayman Islands subsidiary known as “Bonlat”, which appeared to be at the heart of the fraud. The Bank of America revealed that a… …creditors all lost money heavily. The case Accounting Fraud in European Companies 208 sent shockwaves through Italy where Parmalat was a household… …revenues through fictitious sales. The core of the fraud was a system of double-billing to supermar- kets and other retail customers. By billing twice for… …divisions. For example, one amount of EUR 65 million found its way to AC Parma, the soccer Accounting Fraud in European Companies 209 team owned… …located in tax havens around the world, and it engaged in complicated bond and derivative deals. The fraud was certainly not of the blatant “take-the-… …had echoes of several other recent scandals (see Trueman 2004, p. 4): – The fraud appeared to have been incremental, growing in magnitude over a… …is one that had been adopted by a great many fraud companies in recent years. Allegations against the auditors Public commentary and debate… …verification carelessly through Parmalat’s internal Accounting Fraud in European Companies 210 mail system instead of following the standard audit…

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  Case 15: Xerox (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 106 Case 15: Xerox (2002) For most of the second half of the 20th century, the Xerox Corporation was a… …the problems became public, the Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 107 SEC launched an investigation into what happened at the Mexican… …audi- tors refused to sign off on the company’s annual report until they had rechecked the numbers. They said they had not uncovered any signs of fraud… …director Stephen Cutler said in a statement. “In a pattern of pervasive fraud, investors were misled and betrayed over the course of four years.” The alle-… …lessees. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 108 Under US-GAAP, Xerox was required to book revenue from the box at the be- ginning of the lease… …, and, according to KPMG, the potential tax exposure arising out of the transaction was Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 109 “remote to low”… …values of the machines by as much as 50%. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 110 Xerox grew progressively dependent on these accounting… …its accounting controls. However, it neither admitted nor denied the fraud allegations in the Com- mission’s complaint. The SEC also filed a civil suit… …also filed fraud charges against the audit firm KPMG for its involvement in the accounting scandal. The Commission alleged that KPMG was part of… …investing public expects auditors to do,” said Paul R. Berger, an associate director of enforcement at the Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 111…

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  Case 10: MicroStrategy (2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 71 Case 10: MicroStrategy (2000) In 2000, the reversal of fortune could not have been greater for… …66 million, nearly one-fifth of the total USD 365 Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 72 million reported. It also wiped out USD 56 million in… …had not been signed by the close of the just-ended quarter, they clearly should not have been counted as that quarter’s revenue. Accounting Fraud… …MicroStrategy internally or sold to a third party. In December 2000, the SEC accused three MicroStrategy officers of fraud: CEO Michael Saylor, COO Sanjeev… …the SEC settlement in December 2000, the company and its officers ended all litigation stemming from the accounting fraud. “To have all this behind… …, in August 2003, the SEC ended its investigation of PwC with no enforcement action against the audit firm. Accounting Fraud in U.S… …recovery turned out to be a tough challenge. References: Biegelman, Martin T. / Bartow, Joel T.: Executive Roadmap to Fraud Prevention and… …Internal Control, Hoboken/New Jersey 2006, p. 159 Krishnan, Sudha: Revenue Recognition Fraud or Error – The Case of MicroStrategy, Inc… …Schilit, Howard: Financial Shenanigans – How to detect accounting gimmicks and fraud in financial reports, 2nd edition, Boston 2002, pp. 42–44… …, December 14, 2000 MicroStrategy, SEC settle, www.cnnmoney.com, December 14, 2000 MicroStrategy Chairman Accused of Fraud by SEC, The New York Times…

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  Case 33: Vivendi Universal (France, 2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 194 Case 33: Vivendi Universal (France, 2002) Initially, Jean-Marie Messier was being celebrated as a… …. According to Le Monde, Vivendi had appeared to dispose of 400 million shares in BSkyB, but, instead of selling them, Accounting Fraud in European… …separate SEC probe. In December 2002, fraud squad detectives raided Vivendi’s Paris headquarters and the homes of its deposed CEO, Jean-Marie Messier… …, hauling away boxes of docu- ments and electronic records. “The situation for Vivendi looks quite dangerous,” said a lawyer specialized in securities fraud… …cases. “Vivendi has to defend itself at a time when public anger over corporate fraud is running high, and juries are increas- ingly willing to hand out… …big awards in such cases.” Accounting Fraud in European Companies 196 In December 2003, the SEC announced that it filed and simultaneously… …settled a civil fraud action against Vivendi and its former CEO. Specifically, the SEC com- plaint included the following allegations (see SEC Press… …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 197 planned to dispose of. In a self-justificatory book published in 2003, Messier sug- gested that he was a… …, the company had continued to apply French GAAP. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 198 References: Vivendi Universal, with its… …turned up the heat for the French media giant, Business Week Online, November 18, 2002 Fraud squad raids Vivendi offices, The Independent, December 13…

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  Case 2: ZZZZ Best Company (1987)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 29 Case 2: ZZZZ Best Company (1987) The story of Barry Minkow, the amazing teen-age swindler, may… …had been committing fraud. When he wasn’t directly stealing money, he was raising it fraudulently. Nonethe- less, he was able to expand his company and… …even Minkow by surprise. Everything happened very fast. Within four years, ZZZZ Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 30 Best (that had started… …pub- Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 31 lic, he fooled auditors, investment bankers, brokerage firms, outside attorneys and the SEC alike… …Best’s business was legitimate. However, the bulk of the fraud was concentrated in the company’s sales and receivables (most of which were fictitious)… …unravelled the fraud. The sole practitioner who performed the ZZZZ Best audits before the company went public admitted that he had not inspected any of the… …unfinished building and, astonishingly, completing it in Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 32 just 20 days, at a cost of USD 2 million. It was a… …, despite Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 33 her persistence, Minkow avoided repaying the small amount. She never forgot the insult and tracked… …counts of racketeering, securities fraud, embezzlement, tax evasion and bank fraud. It also accused Minkow of setting up dummy companies, writing phony… …a victim of mobsters and loan sharks who had taken over his company and forced him to commit fraud. Nonetheless, he was found guilty on all charges…

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  Case 43: Sanyo Electric (Japan, 2007)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 247 Case 43: Sanyo Electric (Japan, 2007) Like other Japanese electronics makers, Osaka-based Sanyo… …temporarily after being implicated in financial statement fraud at Kanebo, the cosmetics firm. It had also been the auditor for Nikko Cordial, which had to… …restate past results to correct accounting irregularities as well. And now, Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 248 Sanyo was believed not to have… …manufacturing company like Sanyo, which had started by making bicycle lamps in 1947. “Think Gaia was a good strategy,” said a financial Accounting Fraud in… …going green will get them out of the red.” References: Sanyo’s Accounting Fraud, www.home.comcast.net, February 23, 2007 Sanyo Earnings Probe… …Sends Shares South, E-Commerce Times, February 23, 2007 Sanyo probed for securities fraud, www.news.webindia123.com, February 23, 2007 Sanyo Probed over…

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