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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud aufdecken und vorbeugen

  Beeinflussung der externen Jahresabschlussprüfung und der Internen Revision durch die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud

  Dr. Corinna Boecker

  …337 4 Beeinflussung der externen Jahresabschlussprüfung und der Internen Revision durch die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud 4.1 Vorbemerkungen… …: Accounting Fraud wird sich in der Unternehmenswelt nie gänzlich ausschließen lassen, daran besteht kein Zwei- fel. Dies liegt in der Natur des Menschen… …Aufdeckung von Accounting Fraud-Fällen einen Beitrag leisten kön- nen. Wenn fortan von der Vermeidung von Accounting Fraud gesprochen ___________________… …1939 Peemöller, Volker H. (Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2006), S. 128. Beeinflussung der Prüfung durch die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud 338 wird, so… …schlüsse auf die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud zu ziehen. Scheint das Interesse des Managements an einem ordnungsmäßigen Risikomanagementsystem eher gering… …, S. 309 ff. Beeinflussung der Prüfung durch die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud 339 stellen für Manipulationszwecke bewusst nicht beseitigt oder… …Beeinflussung der Prüfung durch die Gefahr von Accounting Fraud 340 Ergebnis gelangt, dass die Einschätzungen der Internen Revision in der Reali- tät nicht… …Veränderte Aufgabenwahrnehmung durch den externen Jahresabschlussprüfer vor dem Hintergrund der Gefahr von Accounting Fraud 4.3.1 Vorbemerkungen Im… …Risikofaktoren besonders charakteristisch für das Vorliegen von Accounting Fraud sind1942. Basierend auf den an anderer Stelle1943 dargestellten Grundlagen zum… …Prüfungsablauf aufgrund der bestehenden Gefahr von Accounting Fraud verändert und an diese Rahmenbedingungen angepasst werden muss. Auch wenn es Verstöße schon…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Interne Revision aktuell

  Chancen und Risiken bei der Bekämpfung der Wirtschaftskriminalität in KMU

  Chancen und Risiken bei der Aufnahme von Fraud in Revisionspläne
  

  Beate Spickenheier

  …der Aufnahme von Fraud in Revisionspläne Chancen: Mehr Informationen zur Erstellung des risikoorientierten Prü- fungsplans, Aufmerksamkeit und… …Voraussetzungen Begriffsklärung: Wirtschaftskriminalität bzw. Fraud bedeutet hier „Oberbegriff für alle straf- rechtlichen Delikte, die im wirtschaftlichen… …Entstehungsgründe von Fraud und das Anti-Fraud-Management eingegangen werden. Entstehung von Fraud Das Modell von Cressey (Fraud-Triangle) gibt gute Einblicke… …. Das Model des „Fraud Triangle“ beschreibt die drei wesentlichen Faktoren für die Begehung von Wirtschaftsstraftaten. Hervorzuheben ist, dass ein… …Fraud-Delikt nur dann möglich ist, wenn alle drei Faktoren gleichzeitig auftreten: Fraud Triangel nach Cressey: Gelegenheit: Die Gelegenheit ist die… …Reaktion auf dolose Handlungen vorliegt, wenn die folgenden 5 Punkte erfüllt sind: 1. Fraudrisikoanalyse und -bewertung (Fraud = strategisches Risiko)… …lassen sich Prozesskontrollen dieser Art realisieren durch regelmäßige IKS-Prüfungen unter Einbeziehung Fraud- anfälliger The- men, sowie durch gezielte…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Introduction

  Professor Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …17 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Fraud: A Constant Threat to Companies around the World Fraud is nothing new. History has shown that it has… …long been part of our society. In 1941, a well-known American judge said: “Fraud is as old as falsehood and as ver- satile as human ingenuity.” Several… …years later, in 1949, a criminologist from Indi- ana University named Edwin H. Sutherland coined the term white-collar crime, referring to fraud… …committed by the elite upper-world business executive, against either shareholders or the public. Sutherland, one of the pioneers in fraud research, defined… …indicating that the occurrence of white-collar crime (management fraud) and related aberrational behaviour of em- ployees (employee fraud) has been reduced… …. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ “Global Economic Crime Survey 2007”, fraud remains one of the most problematic issues for companies worldwide. In the… …respondents who suf- fered fraud also stated that this had caused significant damage to their businesses. The survey found that the level of damage was… …decreased. Although different sectors are impacted by different types of fraud, no industry is immune from the threat posed by economic crime. The key… …findings of KPMG’s “Fraud Survey 2009” are quite similar: fraud is a ma- jor threat to companies regardless of their size, location, or industry. About three… …out of four executives interviewed by KPMG believed that fraud risks would either stay the same or increase over the next 12 months. Nearly one-third…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Prüfungsleitfaden Fraud in Versicherungen

  Indikatoren zum frühzeitigen Erkennen potenzieller Fraud-Fälle

  Arbeitskreis „Revision in der Versicherungswirtschaft“ des DIIR – Deutsches Institut für Interne Revision e. V.

  …, welche die Revisionsmitarbeiter für das Thema Internal Fraud und dolose Handlungen sensibilisieren sollen. Sollte ein Sachverhalt zutreffen, bedeu- tet… …dies jedoch nicht zwangsläufig, dass ein Internal Fraud Fall vorliegt. Der Sachverhalt sollte als Anlass genommen werden, um mit Hilfe gezielter Prü-… …als auch dem Bereich der Unternehmenskultur.) 14 Indikatoren zum frühzeitigen Erkennen potenzieller Fraud-Fälle FRAUD – INDIKATORENLISTE Aufbau-… …potenzieller Fraud-Fälle FRAUD – INDIKATORENLISTE Unternehmenskultur liegt vor 1 Mangelnde Vorbildfunktion der Geschäftsleitung (s. auch 21) � 2 Abschottung… …potenzieller Fraud-Fälle FRAUD – INDIKATORENLISTE Mitarbeiterumfeld liegt vor 1 „Unabkömmlichkeit“ eines Mitarbeiters (Verzicht auf geplanten Urlaub) (siehe… …Einkäufers � 17 Indikatoren zum frühzeitigen Erkennen potenzieller Fraud-Fälle FRAUD – INDIKATORENLISTE Vermittlerumfeld liegt vor 1 Auffälligkeiten bei… …potenzieller Fraud-Fälle FRAUD – INDIKATORENLISTE 23 Nichterreichbarkeit des Vermittlers � 24 Nur Vermittlung von Verträgen ohne Risikoprüfung � 25 Police…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 13: WorldCom (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 93 Case 13: WorldCom (2002) When Enron collapsed at the end of 2001, worried investors searched for who… …were managed. Former President George W. Bush condemned the fraud as “outrageous” and vowed to address the problems shaking Corporate America. The… …SEC said that WorldCom’s accounting improprieties were of “unprecedented magnitude”. But as enormous as the fraud was, it was accomplished in a… …relatively mundane way. The modus oper- andi of the fraud was rather simple, and it was carried out over a comparatively short period of time. Yet the… …reverberations of the fraud would echo around the world of business for years to come. Background: WorldCom from 1983–2002 The fraud was the consequence… …source of the culture that gave birth to this fraud. In 1983, he had discovered the telecom business and founded WorldCom. In the 1990s, the Clinton… …in this endeavour. Yet he continued to feed Wall Street’s expectations of double-digit Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 94 growth, and he… …fraud occurred. In the spring of 2002, amid questions regarding USD 400 million in personal loans, Ebbers was facing dismissal (although the board… …did not yet know about the fraud that had been committed). Knowing that the company had accumulated mas- sive levels of debt and that he could not… …standards others will follow.” It was shortly after Ebbers had left that the fraud was discovered and disclosed. Fraud detection and disclosure As…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 3: Crazy Eddie (1987)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 36 Case 3: Crazy Eddie (1987) When Crazy Eddie, Inc., blew up in a financial scandal in 1987, the debacle… …in- volved just about every kind of accounting fraud then known, as well as receipts skimming and money laundering. Although the total dollars involved… …multi-pronged fraud, probably one of the twentieth century’s most infamous frauds. And even though the fraud is more than two decades old, it provides vivid… …financial statement fraud of all time, but for outrage- ousness, it is going to be very hard to beat.” In 1969, Eddie Antar, a 21-year old high school… …individuals, including Eddie Antar’s wife and mother, were receiving huge salaries for little or no work. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 37… …the most frequent manipulations occur in inventory. In the Crazy Eddie fraud, Eddie Antar “borrowed” merchandise from cooperating suppliers to boost… …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 38 inventory. Besides, Antar’s underlings shipped stock from one store to another overnight, so that it could be… …auditors. “Where were the auditors?” was a question posed repeatedly when the public learned of the Crazy Eddie fraud. The auditors did not detect the… …doctored numbers, and were later sued for malpractice (see Wells 2000, pp. 91–95): Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 39 – They had not… …inventory observations were conducted, the auditors inadver- tently contributed to the fraud. For example, rather than climb over boxes in the warehouse…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 22: Symbol Technologies (2004)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 144 Case 22: Symbol Technologies (2004) To the outside world, Symbol Technologies, Inc. was an icon of… …Holtsville, New York-based com- pany was more fittingly viewed as a classic case study in accounting fraud. “This was a veritable playbook of corporate… …fraud,” the chief prosecutor, Roslynn R. Mauskopf, said. “They cooked the books every which way they could. The execu- tive misconduct was breathtaking in… …its scope.” The investigation of fraud at Symbol began in April 2001 with an anonymous letter sent to the SEC. The letter described two specific… …charged 11 former Symbol executives with securities fraud. According to the Commission, the wide-ranging deception ran from at least 1998 until early… …, they were induced to place orders by the following common features of the “Frank spe- cials” (see SEC 2004): Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies… …manipulating raw data to match the forecasts given to analysts. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 146 Cookie jar reserves Company executives also… …picked” from a 30-day “look-back period” so as to reduce the cost of the exercise to the executives. Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 147… …In addition to committing fraud, some of the executives engaged in efforts to cover up the misconduct and to impede the SEC’s investigation as well as… …sanitize” key portions of schedules that they intended to provide to the investigators. The fraud at Symbol was orchestrated by CEO Tomo Razmilovic…

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  Case 29: Infomatec (Germany, 2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 177 Case 29: Infomatec (Germany, 2000) Infomatec, an Augsburg-based maker of interactive TV… …, Infomatec was a darling of Ger- many’s “Neuer Markt”. However, first came euphoria, then came fear, and finally, fraud. The founders of Infomatec, Gerhard… …Harlos and Alexander Haefele, were among the first board members of a corporation from the Neuer Markt to be arrested for allegations of fraud… …information. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 178 Although there were many attempts by single investors to sue Infomatec and the… …suspicion of insider trading and stock price fraud. Haefele received a jail term of two years and nine months, and Harlos was given a two years suspended… …close down in September 2002. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 179 The famous “Infomatec decisions” of the BGH constituted the beginning…

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  Case 27: Flowtex (Germany, 2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in European Companies 169 Case 27: Flowtex (Germany, 2000) The allegedly biggest case of accounting fraud in post-war… …Germany reached a cli- max when the managers of “Flowtex Technologie GmbH & Co. KG” received jail terms of up to 12 years after being convicted of fraud… …executives to live luxurious lives, involving grand houses, chalets, yachts, private jets, and valuable paintings. The fraud was “of a scope without… …digging up road surfaces. In sale-and-lease-back transactions, the drilling machines were re-leased from over 60 leasing companies. The fraud was quite… …of Flowtex, referred to as “service partners”) until there were apparently some 3,400 machines on the company’s books. Once the fraud started, the… …documentation for the individual machines were changed, so that everything seemed to be in order. The classic signs of fraud had been apparent for some time… …line and refused to have anything to do with the company in the future. Accounting Fraud in European Companies 170 The number of leased… …so-called “whistleblower”) had exposed the fraud, because he alleg- edly wanted to warn investors. Shortly afterwards, the Flowtex group collapsed; Manfred… …Schmider, chief executive, and his deputy, Dr. Klaus Kleiser, were ar- rested and charged with fraud. Schmider and Kleiser had concluded 3,411 leasing… …Schmider and Kleiser, Accounting Fraud in European Companies 171 the two company directors, were courted by politicians of all parties as model…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 9: Cendant/CUC (1998)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 66 Case 9: Cendant/CUC (1998) The Cendant Corporation was formed in December 1997 by a merger of two com-… …creation of Cendant, a significant accounting fraud came to light at the CUC division. Before Enron, the case was considered the biggest accounting fraud… …ever. From its beginnings in 1983, the fraud was directed by Walter A. Forbes, CUC’s chairman and CEO, and his top lieutenant, E. Kirk Shelton, CUC’s… …president and COO. Commenting on the fraud, one FBI agent said: “Some people have referred to this as a case of earnings management. But this is an attempt… …Street analysts expected. In the earlier years, however, an important part of the fraud was improper revenue and expense recognition. CUC stated that its… …totally fictitious, including, for exam- ple, USD 500 million over the three-year period from fiscal 1995 to 1997. One fraud investigator commented: “It… …extended amortization periods. By shifting current expenses to a later period, the company further inflated its reported earnings. Accounting Fraud in… …U.S. Companies 67 In later years, the fraud extended well beyond improper revenue and expense rec- ognition practices. As time went on and… …improperly charged asset write-offs and other operating expenses against these acquisition reserves. By far, the largest part of the CUC fraud came from… …had been created, Forbes and Shelton congratulated each other on being masterful “financial engineers” who had been able to nurture the fraud through…

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